Sodium retention is also a response of the distal colon, and sweat glands to aldosterone receptor stimulation. Aldosterone's effects are on the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct of the kidney where it causes increased reabsorption of sodium and increased excretion of both potassium (by principal cells) and hydrogen ions (by intercalated cells of the collecting duct). Aldosterone is largely responsible for the long-term regulation of blood pressure. The zona glomerulosa cells express a specific enzyme aldosterone synthase (also known as CYP11B2).
The synthesis and secretion of aldosterone are mainly regulated by the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. Zona glomerulosa The outermost layer, the zona glomerulosa is the main site for the production of aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid. This anatomic zonation can be appreciated at the microscopic level, where each zone can be recognized and distinguished from one another based on structural and anatomic characteristics. The adrenal cortex comprises three main zones, or layers that are regulated by distinct hormones as noted below. It is also a secondary site of androgen synthesis. Each zone is responsible for producing specific hormones. It is divided into three separate zones: zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata and zona reticularis. Learn more about the endocrine system and the different hormones released by the endocrine glands.The adrenal cortex is the outer region and also the largest part of an adrenal gland. Symptoms can include early puberty in boys and male features in girls.Ĭonn’s syndrome, also known as primary hyperaldosteronism, is a condition in which one or both adrenal glands produce more of the hormone aldosterone than normal, leading to high blood pressure.
You might also have fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, difficulty concentrating, depression, cravings, irregular menstruation or low blood pressure.Ĭongenital adrenal hyperplasia is an inherited group of conditions in which the adrenal glands produce excess male sex hormones. If you have Addison’s disease, you will have a poor appetite and lose weight. Cushing's syndrome is usually caused by taking steroid medication for a long time, but it can sometimes be caused by a tumour of the adrenal gland.Īddison’s disease is caused by the adrenal glands failing to make enough of the hormones cortisol and aldosterone. This causes a variety of problems, such as weight gain, a flushed face, bruising and diabetes. What medical conditions are related to the adrenal glands?Ĭushing's syndrome is a condition where the body has too much cortisol.
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